How do Air Handling Units work?

Air handling units, commonly referred to as AHUs, are typically found in medium to large commercial and industrial buildings. They are often situated in the basement, on the roof, or on various floors of a building. AHUs are designed to serve specific areas or zones within a building, such as the east side, floors 1-10, or even a particular space like the restrooms. It is common to have multiple AHUs throughout a building to efficiently distribute air.

In older high-rise buildings, a single large AHU located on the roof may supply the entire building. However, this design is becoming less common in newer buildings due to its inefficiency. Nowadays, it is more typical to have multiple smaller AHUs serving different zones within a building. This is especially important in modern buildings that are more airtight and require a return duct to regulate pressure.

The primary purpose of an air handling unit is to condition and distribute air within a building. AHUs take in fresh ambient air from outside, clean it, heat or cool it, humidify it if necessary, and then distribute it through ductwork to designated areas. Additionally, AHUs extract used air from rooms, return it to the unit, and discharge it back into the atmosphere. In some cases, a portion of the return air may be recirculated to save energy, or thermal energy may be extracted and reused in the fresh air intake.

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